Current Issue - November 2026, Volume 20, Issue No. 3

1. Tong K, Zhong Z, Peng Y, Lin C, Cao S, Yang Y, et al. Masquelet technique versus Ilizarov bone transport for reconstruction of lower extremity bone defects following posttraumatic osteomyelitis. Injury. 2017; 48(7): 1616-22. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.03.042
2. Masquelet A, Kanakaris NK, Obert L, Stafford P, Giannoudis PV. Bone Repair Using the Masquelet Technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2019; 101(11): 1024-36. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.18.00842
3. Schemitsch EH. Size Matters: Defining Critical in Bone Defect Size! J Orthop Trauma. 2017; 31 Suppl 5: S20-2. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000000978
4. Paley D, Catagni MA, Argnani F, Villa A, Benedetti GB, Cattaneo R. Ilizarov treatment of tibial nonunions with bone loss. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989; (241): 146-65.
5. Mısır A, Yıldız Kİ, Kızkapan TB, Uzun E, Özçamdallı M, Oğuzkaya S. Reliability of RUST and modified RUST scores for evaluation of union in pediatric and adult femoral shaft fractures. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2021; 55(2): 127-33. doi: 10.5152/j.aott.2021.20074
6. Plumarom Y, Wilkinson BG, Willey MC, An Q, Marsh L, Karam MD. Sensitivity and specificity of modified RUST score using clinical and radiographic findings as a gold standard. Bone Jt Open. 2021; 2(10): 796-805. doi: 10.1302/2633-1462.210.BJO-2021-0071.R1
7. Litrenta J, Tornetta P 3rd, Mehta S, Jones C, OʼToole RV, Bhandari M, et al. Determination of Radiographic Healing: An Assessment of Consistency Using RUST and Modified RUST in Metadiaphyseal Fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2015; 29(11): 516-20. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000000390
8. Cho JW, Kim J, Cho WT, Kent WT, Kim HJ, Oh JK. Antibiotic coated hinged threaded rods in the treatment of infected nonunions and intramedullary long bone infections. Injury. 2018; 49(10): 1912-21. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2018.07.016
9. Hoit G, Kain MS, Sparkman JW, Norris BL, Conway JD, Watson JT, et al. The induced membrane technique for bone defects: Basic science, clinical evidence, and technical tips. OTA Int. 2021; 4(2 Suppl): e106(1-5). doi: 10.1097/OI9.0000000000000106
10. Musa RA, Shah DU, Makwana VR, Hadiya AK, Shah PK, Bhavsar NM. Masquelet’s induced membrane technique for the reconstruction of post-traumatic, open-grade distal femur fracture with bone defect. J Orthop Trauma Rehabil. 2021; 0(0). doi: 10.1177/2210491721992525
11. Morwood MP, Streufert BD, Bauer A, Olinger C, Tobey D, Beebe M, et al. Intramedullary Nails Yield Superior Results Compared With Plate Fixation When Using the Masquelet Technique in the Femur and Tibia. J Orthop Trauma. 2019; 33(11): 547-52. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000001579
12. Cho JW, Samal P, Sakong S, Lim EJ, Choi W, Son WS, et al. Proximal tibia with an inserted nail can be an available donor site for harvesting cancellous bone. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2021; 107(8): 103084. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2021.103084
13. Wang XQ, Luo F, Huang K, Xie Z. Induced membrane technique for the treatment of bone defects due to post-traumatic osteomyelitis. Bone Jt Res. 2016; 5(3): 101-5. doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.53.2000487
14. Hofmann J, Bewersdorf TN, Sommer U, Lingner T, Findeisen S, Schamberger C, et al. Impact of Antibiotic-Loaded PMMA Spacers on the Osteogenic Potential of hMSCs. Antibiotics (Basel). 2024; 13(1): 44. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13010044
15. Yoon YC, Oh CW, Cho JW, Oh JK. Early definitive internal fixation for infected nonunion of the lower limb. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021; 16(1): 632. doi: 10.1186/s13018-021-02785-9
16. Cho JW, Kent WT, Kim JK, Jeong SH, Sakong S, Kim H, et al. Outcome of multi-staged induced membrane technique based on post-debridement cultures for the management of critical-sized bone defect following fracture-related infection. Sci Rep. 2022; 12(1): 22637. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-26746-2
17. Cho JW, Samal P, Sakong S, Lim EJ, Choi W, Son WS, et al. Le tibia proximal avec un clou en place peut être un site donneur pour un prélèvement d’os spongieux. [Proximal tibia with an inserted nail can be an available donor site for harvesting cancellous bone]. Rev Chir Orthop Traumatol. 2021; 107(8): 1067. doi: 10.1016/j.rcot.2021.09.128
18. Wang P, Wu Y, Rui Y, Wang J, Liu J, Ma Y. Masquelet technique for reconstructing bone defects in open lower limb fracture: Analysis of the relationship between bone defect and bone graft. Injury. 2021; 52(4): 988-95. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.12.009
19. Son WS, Lim EJ, Sakong S, Kim H, Choi W, Cho JW, et al. Effect of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (rhBMP-2) with Hydroxyapatite Carrier in Induced Membrane Technique: A Retrospective Propensity Score-Matched Study. J Orthop Trauma. 2022; 36(6): 301-8. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000002294
20. Choi W, Kim BS, Cho WT, Lim EJ, Choi JS, Ryu YK, et al. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) combined with autologous bone for the treatment of long bone nonunion: A report of a prospective case series. Injury. 2024; 55(10): 111711. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111711
21. Deng L, Yu A, Qi B, Lei J, De Souza C, Zhu S, et al. The Masquelet technique combined with the muscle flap for use in emergency management of acute Gustilo type III trauma of the lower limb with segmental bone loss:Case series. Int J Surg. 2020; 81: 85-93. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.07.013
22. Wang J, Yin Q, Gu S, Wu Y, Rui Y. Induced membrane technique in the treatment of infectious bone defect: A clinical analysis. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2019; 105(3): 535-9. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2019.01.007
23. Fan J, Cong F, Ren X, Zhang K, Song T. [Flap combined with induced membrane technique in treatment of post-traumatic tibial osteomyelitis with soft tissue defect]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2022; 36(5): 614-8. Chinese. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.202201031
24. Mohd Yusof N, Ahmad Alwi AA. Revisiting the Pedicled Gastrocnemius Flap for Orthoplastic Limb Reconstruction. IIUM Med J Malays. 2021; 20(2). doi: 10.31436/imjm.v20i2.174
25. Masquelet AC. Induced Membrane Technique: Pearls and Pitfalls. J Orthop Trauma. 2017; 31 Suppl 5: S36-8. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000000979

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